Construction of an Integral Efficiency Index for Energy, Transport, and Road Performance of Road Trains in International Freight Transport
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Abstract
The article presents a scientifically grounded expert-functional model for assessing the energy, transport, and road efficiency of single-link road trains used in international freight transportation along the transport corridors of the USA and Ukraine–European union. Within the research framework, a decomposition of functional and operational characteristics into separate groups of factors affecting each type of efficiency has been carried out. This approach made it possible to formalize the complex system of indicators that determine the feasibility of using certain road train models under cross-border transportation conditions.
An integral efficiency index is proposed in the form of a weighted linear combination of key design and operational parameters of road trains, taking into account weighting coefficients determined using the analytic hierarchy process by T. Saaty.
This approach ensures objectivity and scientific justification for the ranking of technical solutions and allows for considering the heterogeneous impact of various factors. Key parameters of the tractor and semi-trailer were considered, such as structural weight, engine power, transmission type, fuel system capacity, axle load, and aerodynamic characteristics, which significantly affect energy and transport efficiency.
Based on the proposed model, the assessment was carried out for several modern road trains of European and North American production, enabling the identification of optimal configurations for international transportation based on the criterion of comprehensive efficiency. The research results can be used by the transport enterprises for the formation of vehicle fleets that meet the requirements of energy efficiency, reliability, and compatibility with road infrastructure. Moreover, the developed model can be adapted to different regional operating conditions, demonstrating its versatility and practical value.
The proposed approach can also be integrated into decision-support systems in logistics, transport planning, and public regulation of cross-border freight traffic. The application of the research findings will contribute to improving the efficiency of international transport operations, reducing fuel consumption, and minimizing the negative impact on road infrastructure.
