Development Prospects and Research of Nanomodified Composite Building Materials

Abstract

Current article completes a review of the development of composite building materials with the use of nanotechnology and the introduction of nanosystems in composites. Due to increase in construction in Ukraine, the introduction of new construction technologies using the appropriate building materials and improvement of their operational properties is necessary. The recent developments concern the production of highly enforced and wear-resistant materials such as cement, concrete, foam concrete, various coatings to provide water- and oil-absorbing properties of surfaces. The use of nanomaterials affects the internal structure of the composite material, creating the effect of reinforcing the binding matrix and leading to improved physical and technical characteristics. The addition of extremely small amounts of nanosystems (less than 0,5 % by weight) into the composition of traditional composite materials leads to a significant improvement in strength and performance characteristics of the final product. Known studies show that the modified concrete has structural robustness 20...35 % higher compared to non-modified analogues, foam concrete demonstrates increase in robustness of about 50...70 %. Besides that, the addition of nanoparticles also affects positively other performance properties and increases the hydrophobicity of coatings, resistance to dirt and fungal damage, which is extremely important in the operation of buildings. Of particular interest is the use of carbon nanosystems as additives. For the wide introduction of nanoobjects into the technology of production of building materials, it is necessary to produce a sufficient amount of cheap nanosimulation. From this point of view, promising works are devoted to the possibility of obtaining nanotubes and nanosystems from products and coal coking wastes (coke, resin, pitch coke, dust, etc.). The review allows us to believe that the use of nanoadditives and nanosystems can be extended to other classes of building materials, products and coatings, such as sanitary ceramics, facing tiles, paints and coatings.