Study of Structural Features of the Waste Bentonite Clays
Keywords:
bentonites, structure, thermolysis, sorbent disposalAbstract
Significant experience is accumulated regarding the usage of natural clays and their modified forms to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. The main advantages of using clays as adsorbents are their high efficiency, abundance, and relatively low cost. The important area of current scientific research is identifying effective ways to use sorbents that were previously used to treat industrial wastewater and municipal sewage. Using spent sorbent materials effectively reduces the anthropogenic load on the environment and improves technology for creating alternative materials using high-quality clay.
This article discusses current trends in reusing bentonite clay-based sorbents in wastewater treatment systems. To determine optimal processing methods for spent bentonites, their main characteristics were identified using X-ray phase (XR) and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Based on these findings, a comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of different approaches to reusing spent clay sorbents was conducted.
The object of the research is spent bentonite, previously used for wastewater treatment to remove chromium (III) ions. X-ray phase analysis revealed that the process of heavy metal sorption by bentonite is not merely a surface phenomenon. Rather, it is accompanied by transformations in the clay's interlayer structure, resulting in chromium migration and binding within internal packets via hydrogen and molecular bonds. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study how temperature affects the structure of clay minerals in control and experimental samples.
Promising methods for the utilization of spent bentonites containing heavy metal ions within polyfunctional materials are identified. Utilizing spent bentonite within polyfunctional materials for polymer filling promotes significant resource conservation and enhances the environmental friendliness of industrial processes.
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