Optimization of Energy Consumption in LoRaWAN Sensor Nodes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2026-185-2-15-20Keywords:
LoRaWAN, energy efficiency, sensor nodes, optimization of transmission parameters, NS-3, Internet of ThingsAbstract
This article addresses the current problem of reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes in LoRaWAN networks, widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) systems for long-term autonomous monitoring of the environment, infrastructure facilities, industrial and agricultural objects. Special attention is paid to the analysis of factors that have a decisive influence on the energy consumption of the end devices, in particular radio transmission parameters, data collection and transmission frequency, microcontroller operating modes and the efficiency of sleep mode usage.
The paper analyzes modern approaches to improving the energy efficiency of sensor nodes, which are based on adaptive control of the physical and data link layer parameters of the LoRaWAN network, including the selection of the Spreading Factor, bandwidth and transmitter output power. Particular attention is paid to strategies aimed at minimizing the active time of the radio module and the microcontroller by optimizing data acquisition, processing and packet formation algorithms.
In addition, the article presents simulation modeling of the operation of sensor nodes in the NS-3 environment, taking into account various traffic load scenarios, node density and different radio channel configuration options. Based on the simulation results, the relationships between node energy consumption, communication range, packet loss probability and device battery lifetime were determined.
The obtained results confirm that the correct selection of data transmission rate, transmitter power and the frequency of active communication sessions can significantly increase the energy efficiency of sensor nodes without a significant degradation of communication quality. The proposed approaches can be used in the design of energy-efficient IoT systems based on LoRaWAN for industrial, infrastructure and environmental applications.
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